![]() I thought a similar thing, but different too. This is SCP, a significant part of its charm is purposely creating mystery and intrigue by withholding answers and never elucidating them. Working off of what we see in the movie, we have as much information as the story teller intends to give originally. It's not so much conjecture as it is an interpretation. This is all kind of just my initial interpretation, but I figured somebody might find it interesting. Their remains are still visible to us, and they don't share the same plane/dimension/ability of the creature. It might appear that the ones who are invisible like the creature were successfully "selected" by it, while the others either were not deemed worthy, were deemed to be threats, or perhaps tried to escape after discovering the true nature of the cult. This would also explain why some of the cultists appeared to be sharing the same dimension as the creature (the humanoid anomalies like the one that killed Lambert) while others are not (the ones who are hanging in the sky). This makes me think that the sounds we are hearing when we hear Besson choke are him being strangled by a tentacle. I come to this conclusion after noticing that the bodies floating in the air, in the final shot, appear to be hanging from their necks. My theory: Besson's death was not a cognitohaz/infohaz at all, but instead the creature which is later revealed to be holding up the bodies mechanically defending itself against Besson by first choking him and then forcing his weapon upon himself. Secondary toward this point is the fact that when he shoots himself, he is clearly struggling as if he is being mechanically forced. What it says to me is that before he died, Besson was either choking on something or being strangled. Clearly in the latter case the cause was revealed, but I find its inclusion in Besson's death to be interesting. People have called it the result of a cognitohazard or an infohazard, but something I noticed is that Besson appears to be making a similar noise as to when Lambert has his throat slashed. I was thinking about a few things, but the thing I want to put forward is my theory about why Besson shot himself. I feel like I have some conjecture to offer. I haven't really looked into any behind-the-scenes or Q&A type stuff from the creators, and if I'm being honest, it's kind of more fun that way. I found some discussion previously made on this subreddit theorizing on the subject. ![]() Thinking about the lore, I made a few google searches into the background of Overlord. So, I just watched Overlord and Dollhouse yesterday. So you want to make something based on the SCP Foundation:
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![]() Remember to let your creativity shine and have fun throughout the process. ConclusionĬongratulations on reaching the end of this tutorial! We hope this guide has provided you with the tools and knowledge to create your own unique anime profile picture. From adjusting color balance to resizing and optimizing the image for different platforms, we will ensure your profile picture looks stunning across all platforms. Final Touches and RecommendationsĪs we near the end of our Journey, this section will provide valuable tips and recommendations to give your anime profile picture those finishing touches. This section will guide you through the process of creating a captivating glow around the eyes or other focal points, giving your profile picture an ethereal and enchanting touch. To elevate your anime profile picture to the next level, we will explore the art of adding a glowing effect. ![]() Whether you want to go for a vibrant or mystical look, this technique will help you achieve the desired effect. Want to give your anime character a mesmerizing gaze? In this section, we will Show you how to change the eye color of your anime character using Photoshop. Whether you want to create a dreamy atmosphere, add a Splash of color, or experiment with different styles, this section will guide you through the process of applying effects and filters to your image. To truly make your anime profile picture unique, we will Delve into the world of effects and filters. In this section, we will explore various techniques, such as adjusting brightness and contrast, sharpening details, and improving overall image quality. ![]() Once the background is removed, it's time to enhance the image and make it stand out. In this section, we will demonstrate different techniques to remove the background from your chosen anime character, ensuring a crisp and appealing final result. Removing the BackgroundĪ clean and professional-looking profile picture requires a seamless background removal. Whether you have a specific character in mind or want to explore different options, this section will provide tips and resources for finding the ideal character to represent your online persona. The first step in creating an anime profile picture is finding the perfect anime character to feature. In this section, we will guide you through the process of setting up Photoshop and familiarizing yourself with its interface. To create stunning anime profile pictures, we will be using Adobe Photoshop, a powerful tool that provides endless possibilities for image manipulation and editing. In this section, we will explore the reasons behind the popularity of anime profile pictures and the advantages they offer. From social media platforms to online forums, anime profile pictures have become a way for individuals to connect and express themselves. Why Anime Profile Pictures?Īnime profile pictures have become a trendy choice among individuals from all walks of life. ![]() In this section, we will discuss why anime profile pictures have gained such prominence in online communities. They allow individuals to express their love for anime, showcase their favorite characters, and Create a distinct online presence. IntroductionĪnime profile pictures have become increasingly popular, and for good reason. Whether you're a hardcore anime fan or just looking to add some Flair to your online persona, this guide is for you. In this article, we will walk You through the process of creating unique and eye-catching anime profile pictures using Adobe Photoshop. Welcome, everyone, to today's tutorial where we'll be exploring the world of anime profile pictures. How to Make Anime Profile Pictures: A Step-by-Step Guide Create Your Own Anime Profile Picture in Photoshop! Table of Contents ![]() The program is not as good as the user expected.The program crashes or hangs periodically/frequently.The program is not compatible with other installed applications.These are the main reasons why Marine Aquarium is uninstalled by users: Some experience issues during uninstallation, whereas other encounter problems after the program is removed. It seems that there are many users who have difficulty uninstalling programs like Marine Aquarium from their systems. What usually makes people to uninstall Marine Aquarium? This guide is the right solution to completely uninstall Marine Aquarium without any difficulty. However, I do like the ability to choose which scenery you want and which fish and how many of them you want in 'your' aquarium.Marine Aquarium is a Windows screensaver that creates a virtual aquarium on your screen, offering an impressive array of customization options at the same time.ĭo you experience difficulty when you try to completely uninstall Marine Aquarium from your system?Īre you looking for an easy solution to thoroughly remove it from your computer? ► All of that said, because of the issues experienced while installing this screen saver and the fact that the lighting never changes from daylight to dark and back with shadowing during play, I can only give this screen saver 3 stars.THEREFORE, the webmaster of this page needs to address that in addition to the OS issues cited. ► As I surmised, not only does the OS have something to do with whether or not this screensaver works, but the actual hardware that one is using, as well.► That got this screensaver to work on this OS _AND_ hardware combination.So, I downloaded the "Flash Fix" file mentioned above and ran that. ►After all of that, I got to thinking that because this computer is brand new with the latest hardware and the problems associated with installing an "old" operating system on new hardware that this/these could have something to do with the problems with getting this screen saver to work.Therefore, this screensaver was useless to me.Or so I thought. It still said it needs Macromedia Flash Player 5 or better. Upon installation attempt, this screen saver said it needs Macromedia Flash Player 5 or better. I couldn't use it at all on a brand new custom built computer.īoard: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd. ►At first, all I could give this screen saver was less than one star.You can always start over with a fresh copy of the "settings_bak.xml" file if something gets messed up. Experiment with the settings and don't worry. The fish can be set to 0 (none) 1 (one fish) or a higher number for more fish. Most of the settings which are not a fish can be either 0 (off) or 1 (on). Rename the original "settings.xml" file to "settings_bak.xml", and copy your edited "settings.xml" file into screensaver's install folder. Rather, copy the file to another location (like your Documents folder) and edit it there. You will need administrator permissions on your computer, and most likely you cannot directly edit the file in the folder. While you can no longer change the settings via the screen savers settings panel (because Flash has been discontinued), you can manually edit the "settings.xml" file in the screensaver's installation folder ("C:\Program Files (x86)\\Living Marine Aquarium 2 Full\"). Living Marine Aquarium 2 screensaver works for me in Windows 11. How to remove a screensaver on Windows XP.Where are the screensavers on Windows XP?.Living Aquarium won't install on Windows 10 Screensaver won't download because it says Flash is not up to date Living Marine Aquarium 2 does not fill screen I removed Living Marine Aquarium 2 screensaver, but it is still in my list of screensaversĬan't uninstall Living Marine Aquarium 2 on Windows 7? Screensaver does not show up in screen savers it went into downloads What does file download not supported mean Is your question not listed? Post it on our message board » Subject ![]() There, you’ll find a number of good starting resume templates, like this functional resume by Microsoft.ĭepending on your achievements and background, you’ll want to list your qualifications in a specific order. Microsoft Word comes with a number of ready-to-go resume templates that are one click away.Īll you have to do is go to Microsoft Templates, where you’ll find a number of different templates for resumes, cover letter, newsletters, and more. In this case, we’re focusing on resume templates, so you can type that in the search bar to see the different kinds of templates available.Īs you can see, there’s plenty of choice here and a lot of different design options. From there, you can select a number of different formats ( resumes, flyers, cards, cover letters, and more).Click file from the menu bar on top of the screen.To access these templates, here’s what you do: Let’s start with the resume templates that come with the software. You can either go with a pre-customized Word template that comes with the software, or you can use an external template made by designers and career experts for Word specifically. There are two ways you can get your hands on a Word resume template. Word comes with a number of free templates, and there are other hand-crafted premium options available online.ĭo you want a winning Word template that’ll have the HR manager glued to your beautiful resume? So, you can really pick a resume template that both you and the HR manager will love.Īre you a marketer or a designer? Pick a creative resume and show off your imagination!Īpplying for a finance position in a bank? One of the conservative, black & white word resume templates will work for you. To save a lot of time, you can use a Microsoft Word resume template instead.įor one, MS-Word comes with a lot of pre-built resume templates that can have you up and running with a fully customized resume in a matter of minutes. Are you looking to create a new resume but don’t want to go through the painstaking process of creating one from scratch, section by section? It consists of a variety of levels, and each level offers a challenging gameplay with challenging objectives. Steampunk and Western themes inspire the game, and the game introduces an underground world full of terrors, treasure, and mysteries. It takes place in the underground environment, and your task is to dig the old earth, search valuables while unearthing the threat. The game cast you in the role of the protagonist named as Rusty, a lone mining steam-bot who arrives at an old town. SteamWorld Dig is an Action-Adventure, Platform and Single-player Mining video game with Metroidvania developed and published by Image and Form. Arcade Game Series: Dig Dug has incredible features such as Immersive Gameplay, 2D Graphics, Brilliant Mechanics, Sound Setting, and more. The player finds a harder game to play in advanced levels and needs more concentration to take over all levels. A collection of objectives are available, and the player must complete each one to make as many points as possible. While playing the game, the player can perform a set of techniques, including the rock drop and more. Kill all the enemies on the screen means the journey begins toward a new level. The objective of the player is to lure the enemies into a tunnel and slay them at once for massive points. During the game, he must inflate and pop foes with his harpoon to take them down or squish them with a rock to make points. In the game, the player needs to dig up, left, right, and up and burrow through the planet earth. First publishing for Arcade platform in 1982, Dig Dug finally appears to PC. Try it out, and you’ll love it.Īrcade Game Series: Dig Dug is an Action, Arcade, 2D, and Single-player video game developed by Bandai Namco Studios. NOVA 111 includes core features such as Innovative Gameplay, Strategic Combat, Tricky Puzzles, Crafted Planets, Cool Abilities, and more. The player explores the environment from a side-scroll perspective and completes the missions to unlock further content. There are various levels, and each level offers challenging gameplay. As the player advances through the world, he needs to defend himself by gathering new upgrades and abilities for his ship. The player navigates the mind-bending puzzles and engages himself in the strategic battles gameplay with astrobiological creatures in the strange environment where the real-time land and the turn-based world collide. The ultimate task of the player is to find out the lost scientists in the aftermath of an experiment which goes wrong. The game takes place in the sci-fi world where the player controls the oranges spaceship his way through a variety of levels on several planets. NOVA 111 is an Adventure and Single-player video game developed by Funktronic Labs and published by Curve Digital for multiple platforms. With superb gameplay, exciting story and character, and dynamic sounds, Diamond Rush is the best game to play and enjoy. Unlock other levels using your experience and become the master. ![]() Collect diamonds, earn points, and solve complicated puzzles, defeat foes and progress through the game. There are different foes and affect the world by cutting the objects and you can take advantage using their behavior. ![]() Diamond Rush offers interactive gameplay such as Mines, Rolling Boulders, breakable Dragon Eggs and more. You can repeat any previous level using the massive map to manipulate it again. There are lots of alternative routes and mythical areas. You can assume the role of the protagonist named Indiana Jones, who is an adventurer and his task is to explore an ancient temple filled with puzzles, traps, and obstacles in the forest of Angkor Watt in Tibet. The game offers the similar gameplay to Boulder Dash and Tomb Raider. Diamond Rush combines the elements of Arcade, Platform, Puzzle and Single-player video game created by Gameloft S.A. ![]() Last November the government released its Carbon Capture Usage and Storage Deployment Pathway, setting out the next steps government and industry should take in partnership in order to achieve the government’s ambition of having the option to deploy CCUS at scale during the 2030s, subject to costs coming down sufficiently. Then, before it even enters the air, it can either be used for industrial purposes like manufacturing concrete or can be stored safely underground, reducing pollution and helping to tackle climate change. This potentially vital technology captures carbon from power stations and carbon heavy industries such as cement, chemicals, steel, and oil refining. The funding the government is awarding today puts the UK at the forefront of the rollout of this technology and demonstrates how our Clean Growth Strategy is delivering for all parts of the country.Ĩ more projects are being awarded between £170,000 and £7 million as part of 2 programmes – the £20 million Carbon Capture and Utilisation programme ( CCUD) and the £24 million Call for CCUS Innovation programme.Įnergy-intensive industries currently produce approximately 24% of global emissions. Their plans demonstrate the enormous potential that CCUS has, reducing our emissions and helping companies to innovate and export products all around the world. If we are to become a net zero emissions economy and end our contribution towards global warming, then innovative schemes like Tata Chemicals’ will be essential. When fully operational in 2021 it will be the largest carbon capture plant in the UK, removing 100 times more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere than the country’s current largest facility.Įnergy and Clean Growth Minister Chris Skidmore said:Ĭarbon capture, utilisation and storage has an essential role to play in our efforts to tackle climate change, helping us to meet our ambition to end our contribution to global warming entirely by 2050. The plant, which is the UK’s only manufacturer of soda ash and sodium bicarbonate, is being awarded £4.2 million toward the construction of a facility to capture and utilise 40,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide a year – the equivalent of 22,000 cars. Today’s awards will be announced by Energy and Clean Growth Minister Chris Skidmore on a visit to Tata Chemicals Europe’s plant in Winnington, Cheshire. It is the next milestone for the government’s ambition for the UK to be a world-leader in the field as laid out in the Clean Growth Strategy and last November’s CCUS Action Plan. The UK’s largest carbon capture project to date, removing 40,000 tonnes of CO2 from the atmosphere each year, could be up and running by as soon as 2021 thanks to government backing.ĩ companies have secured £26 million of government funding, in addition to industry backing, to advance the rollout of carbon capture, utilisation and storage ( CCUS) in the UK - a crucial step towards the UK’s net zero emissions and the end of the UK’s contribution to global warming. ![]() ![]() emissions reduction is equivalent to 22,000 fewer cars on the road. ![]() 40,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide – 100 times more than the UK’s current largest facility – to be captured each year at Tata Chemicals Europe in Cheshire.£26 million awarded to accelerate rollout of carbon capture and storage as UK moves to a net zero emissions economy. ![]() SmartDraw – Best Landscape Design Software for Decks & Patios Image Source: 3DSourced. It even ranks users based on their activity and projects, with the option to hire top-ranking designers to help with your own projects.Ĥ. Planner 5D is also great for inspiration, as it’s a very community-based landscape software and you can browse great projects created by other users. You can use Planner 5D online, on Windows, Mac, iPhone, and Android, so it’s one of the most compatible programs around. Planner 5D has an intuitive app and is one of the best landscape design software for iPad. The software is very flexible, so whether you want to landscape patios, ornamental gardens, pools, or backyards, it has all the tools you need to do so in a straightforward way. You can even tour your designs in virtual reality to really get to grips with it from all angles. Then you can build on your designs by adding realistic layouts with natural and artificial light sources which you can then render in realistic models. This makes Planner 5D one of the easiest landscape design software. You can create both 2D and 3D designs using the simple drag-and-drop technology, allowing you to quickly arrange pre-built models to your liking. Limited 3D modeling compared to other softwareĪnother of most popular landscape design software is Planner 5D, a high quality 2D and 3D modeling tool that’s almost completely free (aside from some catalog items that you need to pay for). Need to pay to get full access to item library Planner 5D – Best Free Landscape Design Software for Beginners Image Source: 3DSourced. IScape offers a free trial, but after that it costs $29.99 a month.ģ. There’s also a blog with lots of articles designed to help you gain inspiration and make the most of the app. You can work directly with colleagues and clients, and even connect with potential new customers through the Pro Designer network. One example is Canopy Lawn Care, which uses the app as a sales tool due to its high quality collaborative and visualization solutions.įinally, the community aspects of this landscape design app add another dimension that many programs don’t. IScape is one of the best landscape design software for homeowners as well as pros, used by thousands of professionals around the world. This lets you remove objects from your base image, or cut out and clone parts of your home’s siding, so it’s very flexible – more so than many other landscape design tools. It’s very intuitive and easy to use – you can simply arrange elements, outline areas for ground cover, and resize using your touchscreen.Īnother nice feature is the ability to cutout and clone parts of images using the Cutout Tool. You can get started by uploading your smartphone or tablet snaps and then use a wide range of plants, furniture and other models to build your designs. IScape is a high quality app featuring many of the features packaged in PC landscape design software. ![]() Whereas most landscape design software are built to run on PCs or iPad, iScape is unique in being specifically built for iPhones and Android smartphones. iScape – Best Landscape Design App for iPhone & Android Demo: Designing over a photo using iScape on a mobile device. ![]() There’s also an iPad app for SketchUp which you need to pay for but is really intuitive and lets you get creative using a stylus.Ģ. This is one of the best landscape design software for Mac and among the few available on both Mac and Windows. You can use the free version of SketchUp with no time limit, though it does have limited features and storage in comparison to the paid licenses. You can even walk people through interactive models using VR and AR headsets! One of the features that makes SketchUp one of the best landscape design software for professionals is its photorealistic 3D renderings, which are perfect for sharing with clients. SketchUp is used by professional landscape designers such as LOFTSIXFOUR, which used it in the design of immersive rooftops and outdoor amenities. It’s also cloud-based, so it’s great for sharing and collaboration. The free version of this landscape and interior design software is online only, so you can quickly access it from anywhere without any downloads (though you’ll need a strong WiFi connection). Real-time shadow studies shows how shadows fall on your models at any time of day or year, giving your designs greater realism and accuracy. It’s a multi-purpose 3D CAD program that’s particularly popular for designing landscapes, furniture, and interiors, and it has a variety of features that make it particularly useful for landscaping.įor example, the geo-location tool allows you to specify longitude and latitude and directly pull terrain imagery with a single click, so it’s very intuitive. SketchUp is one of the best software to design landscapes with an unlimited free version. ![]() “These waves are just a quick flip of the wrist. “It can be intimidating, so don’t be afraid to practice the hand movements with the iron off,” she encourages. Gabi admits that the S-wave takes some practice to perfect. (Need a flat iron? The Drybar Tree Press Digital Styling Iron, $169, is a popular pick.) “In sections the size of your flat iron, hold your hair out horizontally from the head (starting the wave around the eye line) and turn your wrist away as you pass through the section, then quickly bend your wrist back toward your hair for a soft bend, leaving the ends mostly straight or softly bending them out.” “Then you’ll need to master the flat iron wave,” Gabi says. To achieve the look, start with dry hair spritzed with heat protectant and texturizing salt spray. “Notice this is more straight than curly-cool, effortless off-duty model hair,” she says. To illustrate their low-maintenance nature, Gabi points to Margot Robbie and reveals how to get the look. ![]() S-waves have been in style for years and once you nail the technique, you’ll realize just how easy they are to create day in and day out. (Alternatively, you can use the Kitsch Hair Bungee Elastics, $6.) “From here, you can fluff your curls and pin to make sure they’re sitting how you like them.” “Use an elastic with two bobby pins, like a bungee, to secure the at the top of the head,” she instructs. “The more you touch the curls, the more frizz and the more likely they are to fall,” she warns.Īfter curling your hair or touching up your natural texture, Gabi says to pull your hair into a loose mid-height pony (leaving a few face-framing tendrils out) and twist it upwards. “Release the curl, and let it cool.” Her pro tip? Touch your curls as little as possible. ![]() “Wrap small sections of hair tightly around the wand and hold for three to five seconds,” she instructs. 5” curling wand to add more texture to your wavy hair or to define your pre-existing curls. After prepping and drying your hair, she says to use a. To get the look, she says to start with damp hair, detangler, and curl cream-unless you have naturally curly hair, in which case just let it air dry. “If this isn’t already your natural hair texture, you can still achieve this look with any curl pattern,” Gabi exclaims, noting that you’ll need a. Whether you have waves or curls, a pineapple-inspired updo is never not a good idea, as it mimics the look of long hair but can be created with lobs and shoulder-length strands alike. “Continue this around the head leaving some curls tighter and more defined than the rest.” If your hair tends to fall flat, she says to finish with a spritz of hair spray. “To create a more relaxed wave, you’ll want to make sure to gently pull the end of the wave before it cools and sets,” she adds. Once your hair is dry, she says to use a 1” barrel curling iron (such as the ghd Classic Curl - 1” Curling Iron, ($205) to create a polished-yet-tousled shag style. “To achieve Jenna’s look, prep damp hair with UNITE 7SECONDS Detangler ($38) all over, UNITE BOOSTA Volumizing Spray ($33) section by section only at the roots, and finish with UNITE BOOSTA Thickening Creme ($33) from roots to ends,” says celebrity hairstylist Gabi Lopez, who is a UNITE ambassador.Īfter prepping your hair, she says to blow dry your hair upside down, in the opposite direction of where it will lay, so that you can build significant volume. Jenna Ortega’s short shag has become the 21-year-old actress’s signature cut. Users are not your personal search engine. If you're not willing to put in some initial effort to read and learn, don't expect any help.Do a search on this subreddit, including the Megathread first, so as to not be repetitive.By not reading it first, you decided that the time the moderators and members spent contributing to the wiki was beneath you. Displaying disrespectful actions, engaging in inappropriate behavior, or subjecting others to harassment will warrant an immediate permanent ban.ĭon't post questions already answered.We thrive by embracing the ethos of volunteerism, operating towards the betterment of others. Steer clear from showcasing entitlement, as it is both counterproductive and unbecoming. Hi there You cant make it black, but you can make it dark grey in windows settings, with your theme color being set to that, and checking 'Title bars and window borders' in.Posts that display a striking absence of coherence, decreased intellectual capacity, or demonstrate a nonchalant attitude will be liable for removal.Refrain from endorsing rule violation by inquiring or sharing the exact title someone is seeking when they make a request.ĭon't submit low-quality posts, be entitled, or harass others.No, you may not ask to give or receive DMs."Where can I download, find, or watch ")? No, you may not ask for a specific pirated title ( eg.Furthermore, This topic has gained popularity among qBittorrent users, indicated by the large amount of activity on github concerning this issue. No, you may not link to a specific pirated title ( eg. Recently, most operating systems and many applications/websites are developing dark themes to increase night time usability (macOS Mojave, Windows 10 Dark Mode, YouTube, reddit, etc.).Yes, you can link to the top level domain of a site ( eg.No self-promotion of your own work is allowed unless you expressly receive permission from the moderators.ĭon't request or link to specific pirated titles, including DMs.No trading or selling content, especially not for monetary services.No asking for content downloads / uploads, accounts, activation keys, giveaways etc.No pleading for invites to scene sites, private torrent trackers, DDL forums or other sites with closed registrations.Images that are too blurry or have a lot of unintelligible text will be deleted.ĭon't request invites, trade, sell, or self-promote Comics, memes and screenshots are acceptable, but should be original and of good quality.Avoid engaging in political discussions as they often lack meaningful contributions and tend to foster negativity.The focus on file-sharing, articles and discussions about moral dilemmas with unauthorized distribution, legal developments, challenges, and other related topics are all welcome.Link is here Thanks to its creator maboroshin.Posts must be related to the discussion of digital piracy (You might have to click two times to launch the program)ĮDIT : u/goatsbekidding pointed another theme available, which looks even better than the one I used above. Go wherever you unzipped your github file and select darkstylesheet.qbthemeĤ/ Click on "Apply" (bottom right), then "OK"ĥ/ Restart qbittorrent. Click on the dropdown menu, click on Select. In the "Interface" section, you have "Theme". Thanks to "jagannatharjun", we have this theme now : ġ/ On github link, click on green button "Clone or download" then Download ZIPĢ/ Unzip the file anywhere ( for example, I created a themes folder in qbittorrent install directory)ģ/ Open qbittorrent, go to "Tools \ Options \ Behavior". I recently switched over to qBittorrent and wanted a dark theme so I went about modifying the default theme to utilize the color palette from my portfolio / resume website. I've searched for this a long time myself and I'm a noob to github, but now I've found how to implement it, I wanted to share it with all of you who have no idea how to deal with this. ![]() In the forthcoming ICD-11, it will remain in the block of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. 14 This review focuses on the diagnosis of and therapeutic approaches in patients with a disease severity that fulfills the criteria of STPD not only as a premorbid condition or risk state but also as a separate diagnostic entity.įor years, the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) from the World Health Organization (WHO) and other classification instruments, e.g., the DSM from the American Psychiatric Association (APA), have differed in their classification of STPD (referred to as schizotypal disorder in the ICD): In ICD-9 and -10, it is listed under schizophrenia spectrum disorders, whereas in DSM-III to -5 it is classified as a personality disorder. ![]() The differentiation between schizotypal traits and STPD is clinically important and reflects the degree of impairment in occupational and interpersonal functioning and the severity of symptom presentation. The original STPD item set was derived from the criteria of borderline schizophrenia seen in the relatives of schizophrenia patients. Since the introduction of the diagnosis of STPD in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition (DSM-III) in 1980, the diagnosis and treatment of STPD have remained difficult because of the lack of evidence-based algorithms. Several authors argue for a dimensional approach and a continuum between schizotypal traits and schizophrenia spectrum disorder 1, 11, 12 support for their argument is provided by genetic and linkage studies showing a considerable overlap between genetic association profiles in schizotypy and schizophrenia. 1 Consequently, research has been performed in both clinical patients and healthy schizotypal individuals. ![]() The term schizotypy refers to both people with schizotypal personality disorder (STPD) and healthy individuals in the general population with certain personality traits and a latent liability for psychosis. 5Īccording to the theoretical models of Meehl, 6, 7 Lenzenweger, 8 Chapman, 9 and Kwapil, 10 schizotypy is a premorbid condition. 5 Mason described 16 different schizotypy scales that were based on clinical concepts or definitions and six scales for psychometric/personality measures of schizotypy. 3 The assessments for schizotypal traits are mainly used to define a high-risk group and its proneness to psychosis. Schizotypy, as a broader collection of both clinical and nonclinical traits, is assessed by psychometric inventories such as the Wisconsin Scales of Schizotypy. 2– 4 Raine 1 described two types of schizotypy: (1) neurodevelopmental schizotypy with relatively stable traits and significant brain and neurocognitive impairments that predispose to schizophrenia, and (2) pseudoschizotypy, a pronounced psychosocial entity with more symptom fluctuation that is unrelated to schizophrenia. Schizotypy is a heterogenous syndrome that is expressed across multiple dimensions, including cognitive-perceptual, disorganized, and interpersonal symptoms 1 or according to the symptomology of schizophrenia, positive, negative, and disorganized factors. Larger interventional trials are needed to provide the data for evidence-based recommendations. We conclude that there is currently only limited evidence on which to base treatment decisions in this disorder. This is a systematic evaluation of diagnostic instruments and treatment studies in schizotypal personality disorder. Because of the heterogeneity of the studies and the small sample sizes, it is not yet possible to make evidence-based recommendations for treatment. Studies on the longitudinal course described a moderate remission rate and possible conversion rates to other schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Second-generation antipsychotics (mainly risperidone) were the most often studied drug class and were described as beneficial. We identified several suitable and reliable questionnaires for screening (PDQ-4+ and SPQ) and diagnosing (SIDP, SIDP-R, and SCID-II) schizotypal personality disorder. A total of 54 studies were eligible for inclusion: 18 were on diagnostic instruments 22, on pharmacological treatment 3, on psychotherapy and 13, on the longitudinal course of the disease. ![]() Two independent reviewers extracted and assessed the quality of the data. A systematic search in the PubMed/MEDLINE databases was conducted. The main objective of this review was to evaluate studies on the diagnosis, treatment, and course of schizotypal personality disorder and to provide a clinical guidance on the basis of that evaluation. |
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